Epicheia, greek word that literally means "fairness" is the principle of interpretation that takes no account of a law in individual cases when its fulfillment appears immoral. It is the "real politics" of Jesus's attitude Jesus is in fact always fair! The term is also present in Italian dictionaries.
In the New Testament this term (epieikeia) is translated into Italian in different ways, for example with the words "meekness", "benevolence", "mild," "kindness", etc..) As " typical sign of the lordship of Christ against the supporters of a political messianism, Jesus rejects the use of force to establish the kingdom of God "(1). But in this way, Jesus Christ is reduced to a kind of gentle Fantozzi. Paul of Tarsus uses this concept to indicate the characteristic attitude of Jesus before his fellows, and referring to this as his "urges the church in that sense" (ibid.):
- " Now I myself, Paul, I urge you for the sweetness of Christ and epicheia I front of you so mean, but so far with you spirited "(2 Corinthians 10:1: " Autos de ego Paulos parakalô humas dia tes prautêtos epieikeias kai tou Christou kata prosopon men hos en tapeinos Humin, Apone de tharrô eis humas ")
-" Your epicheia be known unto all men "(Philippians 4.5: " to epieikes humôn gnôsthêtô pasin anthrôpois ")
- [Remind them to be] epic, showing all sweetness to all men" (Titus 3.1-2: "[...] epieikeis, Pasan endeiknumenous prautêta pros pantas anthrôpous ")
-" non-violent but epic "(1 Timothy 3.3: " mê plêktên, the epieikê ").
The term is often used not only by Paul. Eg. " [...] in your epicheia " (Acts 24.4: "[...] tei six epieikeiai ");" [...] not only the good ones and epic "(1 Peter 2.18: " Monon ou kai tois agathois epieikesin ", etc.).
To characterize the meekness of Jesus, Matthew does not use the term "epicheia" but " praypatìa " which means "gentleness ", thus demonstrating that there is no difference between epicheia and praypatìa, and that therefore the not characterize the difference in the various translations confessional, it means one thing: to wipe out the epicheia.
Those who know the 'epicheia "knows that every law needs to be interpreted, and according to the saying" summum ius summa iniuria "also knows that those who are too attacked the law, to make ends injustice and tension. The law produces wrath ("Lex enim operatur ihram", Rom 4:15) and, if made too stiff, is the bane of man.
THAT IS WHY THERE, AND THERE , The EPICHEIA!
IT IS IN THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE LAW OF THE SPIRIT, to understand it, in passing, if necessary against the letter. In certain situations
, to save the intention of the law, must in fact violate the letter.
The human being is intelligent. If you use the intelligence with temperance, can take advantage of these situations .
Jesus, according to the story evangelists, it was becoming.
An example: what is the point on Saturday? For the Old Testament, the Sabbath is a sign of freedom that God 'to his children. They were "slaves in Egypt." And in Egypt there was no Saturday and could not even think about it. In Egypt they had to work every day, from morning to night, because the command of Pharaoh, and Pharaoh was interested in one thing: to build cities. So these men had little prospect of life! So, that seventh day, it was a sign of their freedom, and that new life and freedom that YHWH had worked in them. That's why care must be established on the Sabbath Jesus, not the Bible (and of course not the gospel, which is written after Jesus).
Just read the gospel to realize that the legal concept of Matthew, coinciding with the practice dell'epicheia, is the legal conception of Jesus:
"At that time Jesus went through on Saturday of the cornfields, and his disciples were hungry and began to rip the ears and to eat. The Pharisees saw this, they said, "See! but your disciples do what is not lawful to do on a Saturday '. " (Mt 12:1-2)
"Have you not read in the Law that every Sabbath the priests in the temple violate the Sabbath and are not guilty?" (Mt. 12.5)
"The Son of ' man is lord of the Sabbath " (Mt. 12.8)
" To be able to accuse, did Jesus this question: "Is it lawful to healing on the Sabbath?". He said to them: "Who among you is he who, having a sheep, if it falls on a Saturday in a ditch, do not take it and not pull out? Of course a man is worth much more than a sheep! It is therefore lawful to do good on the Sabbath '" (Mt. 12.10-12) (2). So
is clear: if the treatment is part of the experience of liberation and freedom - as when one person cares, the free exactly one of its limits, its poverty - then it is permissible on the Sabbath, According to Jesus, to heal. This goes against the letter of the law, but it certainly goes against the spirit, because the spirit is that of freedom. God by the law of the Sabbath 'to free the man and prevent him from becoming a slave, not to mortify or to prevent him from becoming healthy. That's because the action based on epicheia is correct, even if practice a problem, because the power of iniquity is always trying to eliminate you if you put it into practice. Especially if you try to practice it as a sovereign citizen in the sense of taxes. Indeed "no people overhead charges is made to dominate" (3).
"He went back into the synagogue. There was a man who had a withered hand, and watched to see if it healed on the Sabbath day to accuse him. He said the man with the withered hand, "Come here." Then he asked them: "Is it lawful on the sabbath to do good or evil, to save life or to kill?". But they were silent. And he looked around with anger, grieved at their hardness of heart, and said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." He stretched it out, and his hand was restored. The Pharisees went out and immediately held counsel with the Herodians against him to destroy him " (Mark 3:1-6).
And now that the Lord would free us, it happens that instead of being a free people, we are even more slaves, as our "new Pharaoh" is so anti-Christian who calls himself "Holy Father", contrary to the advice of Christ: "Do not call anyone Father . It is certainly not the pope who wants that.
we, slaves, whether we like it!
We would like to maybe work, not as slaves but as free people and in equity, which are above the value of the work itself ...
But how do you implement this without implementing the epicheia (since the epicheia fairness is the same)?
this is an old story.
The first to formulate with precision the concept of fairness (epicheia) was Aristotle, saying that is no conflict between fair and just, why is epicheia concrete justice, that justice in individual cases. Its function is to supplement and amend the law, which is, yes, aims to put the right "but by its nature is universal and can not provide everything, you have to be limited to what happens in most cases [...] So, for example., while in general the law requires the owner to restore what has been received as a deposit, in the particular case of a lunatic or a criminal or a terrorist who comes to recover the weapon that has left a deposit, equity (epicheia) suggests not to return " (4). Therefore, through the mediation of the principle of epicheia is realized adaptation of the abstract rule, the individual case. For this reason epicheia has been rightly called the justice of the individual case, to mean precisely that it is the actual mediation between the abstract principle of justice, expressed in the rule, and the needs of specific cases.
The institute dell'epicheia "that the occurrence of an act against the law based on a determination of the subject, referred to them when he considers that the strict observance of that law could not causing serious damage - This damage could be spiritual in nature when, for example, despite having scrupulously fulfilled the obligation (as set out inter alia by the can. 748.1) seeking the truth, the faithful have formed the belief that compliance with the law, far from lead to application of the Gospel commandment of love , would result in an intolerable burden on his conscience (even when it was irresistibly wrong: Dignitatis Humanae, 2 s. 14) " (5) is essentially the main characteristic of Christian revelation , and It is therefore logical that informs all canonical.
This does not mean that human dignity depends on the canon law in Rome, since Rome was not yet time Aristotle.
Nor should we rely on Aristotle to decide whether to carry out an act, since that would depend on someone to be human or not, Christians, and that we would once again slaves.
I think what matters is knowing the truth. Who slips away like a fish from this knowledge is a fugitive who escapes from a pharaoh to pharaoh never find another one Saturday for a human being who knows he is in himself, but which continually escapes. He thinks like a politician who says: "The laws say that we should pay taxes. Pagatele So without any fuss," and is indignant at the thought of epicheia, just as the ancient synagogue leaders were outraged in against Jesus ..
"Now the ruler of the synagogue, indignant that Jesus had made a recovery on Saturday, told the crowd:" There are six days in which to work, then come in to those you heal, and not on the Sabbath day "" (Luke 13:14).
These fugitives, fleeing from themselves, more and more terrified by the end of the world order that promote themselves because of their lack of mercy, are the words: "Pray that your flight may not be [. ..] the sabbath (Mt. 24.20).
---------------------------------- (1) L. Coenen - E. Beyreuther - H. Bietenhard, "Dictionary of Biblical concepts the New Testament, "EDB, Bologna, 1976.
(2) See also Mk. 2.23 to 24, from 2.27 to 28, Lk. 4.31, 6.1 to 2, from 6.5 to 7, 6 , 9, 13.10, 13.14 to 16, 14.1-5, John. 5.10 to 18, from 7.22 to 23, from 9.14 to 16.
(3) Francis Bacon in Pine Pisicchio "P4 or Handbook for the experienced politician, "Ed Levante, Bari, 2003.
(4) Battista Mondin," Encyclopedic Dictionary of the thought of S. Thomas D'Aquino, Ed Dominican Studio, Bologna, 1991. (5) See the idea of \u200b\u200b"legislatio libertatis" in Salvatore Berling, "Canon Law", cit. 61 et seq., Ed Giappichelli, Torino 1995.
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